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Fling-step effects represents the permanent tectonic offset of a rupturing fault as recorded in near-fault ground motions. These effects are characterized by:
•A one-sided velocity pulse in the ground motion.
•A non-zero final displacement at the end of shaking.
Fling-containing time histories are essential for dynamic time-history analyses of structures located close to active faults (typically within 15–20 km), as they capture important near-source effects (Kamai et al., 2014). As noted in Abrahamson (2001), fling effects are primarily observed in the ground motion component oriented parallel to the fault trace (the Fault-Parallel (FP) component).
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Figure: Fling dialog
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Figure: FFT Spectrum of B-ICC record before (red) and after (blue) applying Fling effect
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